SPACE Secrets: UY Scuti, The Mega Beast

There are approximately 1 trillion trillion stars in our Universe, a number approximated by European Space Agency(ESA). Stars in the Universe come in all sizes. Their radius can be as small as 20 km and as big as 1 billion Km. One such extreme star is UY Scuti, a red supergiant star and the beast inside of which 5 billion Suns can fit.

How Was UY Scuti Discovered?

UY Scuti is a red supergiant star in the constellation of Scutum and is known as the largest star in the universe. Approximately 9,500 light-years away, where 1 light-year is 6 trillion miles. In the summer of 2012, astronomers from the Very Large Telescope in the Atacama Desert in Chile measured the parameters of three red supergiants near the Galactic Center region: UY Scuti, AH Scorpii, and KW Sagittarii. They determined that all three stars are over 1,000 times bigger than the Sun and over 100,000 times more luminous than Sun. The stars’ sizes were calculated using the Rosseland Radius, the location at which the optical depth is 2/3, with distances adopted from earlier publications.

How Big Is UY Scuti?

UY Scuti was found to be the largest and the most luminous of the three stars measured, at 1,708 ± 192 R0 which is larger than the orbit of Jupiter. The size of UY Scuti can be realized from the fact that even if we build a hypothetical object that travels at speed of light, it will take 7 hours to travel around it, whereas for Sun it will just take 14.5 seconds. As many as 5 billion Suns can fit inside of this beast

(A selection of stellar giants, ranging from orange giant Aldebaran upto the current size record holder UY Scuti. Although the star is very luminous, it isn’t visible with the naked eye as it is a ninth magnitude star. We can only see stars up to the sixth magnitude with the naked eye.)

Characteristics of UY Scuti

UY Scuti is 340,000 times more luminous than the Sun. This means that the total energy output of this beast is 340,000 times greater than our star. However, the surface temperature of UY Scuti is about 3,300 K, roughly half the value for Sun. The surface temperature can be estimated by using Wein’s law in Physics which states that the wavelength of light emitted from a black body is inversely proportional to the 4th power of its absolute temperature. Hence, red-colored stars are cooler.

Comparison of UY Scuti to our Sun

What Is The Future Of UY Scuti?

A star spends its 90% life on the main sequence of the Hertzsprung Russell diagram. On the main sequence it converts hydrogen into helium in its core. The Sun has been on the main sequence for the past 5 billion years and will remain there for another 5 billion years. On the main sequence, the inward gravitational collapse of the star is balanced by the outward gas and radiation pressure from the core nuclear reaction – a situation termed as hydrostatic equilibrium.

With 🌠

Charlie